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Thymosin Alpha-1

Immunomodulatory peptide approved in some countries (e.g., for hepatitis B). Studied in immune modulation contexts.

Educational only — not medical advice. SmartPeptide does not prescribe, diagnose, or treat. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider before using any peptide, supplement, medication, or protocol.

What the research shows

Approved in many countries (e.g., for chronic hepatitis B and as an adjunct in some immune-compromised states). Multiple clinical trials support immune-modulatory effects.

What's still experimental

Off-label uses (general immune support, COVID, oncology adjunct) have mixed and evolving evidence.

Anecdotal / community reports

Reports of fewer infections during cycles are common but not controlled.

Anecdotal reports are NOT scientific evidence. They reflect personal experience and may not generalize.

FDA approval status

Source: openFDA + DailyMed (NIH/NLM)
No FDA-approved drug label exists for “Thymosin Alpha-1”. This peptide is not currently approved by the FDA as a finished pharmaceutical product. Any commercial product claiming FDA approval should be treated with suspicion.

Doses studied in research

No established dose range

What published trials tested or FDA-approved labels specify. Reporting research facts — not a SmartPeptide recommendation.

No FDA-approved or established trial dose range for this peptide. Anecdotal ranges discussed in community forums exist but are not supported by published clinical trials, and SmartPeptide will not publish unverified doses.

This is the honest answer for peptides like BPC-157, IGF-1 LR3, MOTS-c, Epitalon and similar research compounds — robust human dose- ranging studies have not been published. Always work with a licensed clinician familiar with experimental peptides if you are considering any use.

FDA enforcement & recalls

Live · openFDA Drug Enforcement API
No FDA enforcement actions (recalls, market withdrawals, safety alerts) on record for “Thymosin Alpha-1”. This is the expected baseline for most peptides — the absence of recalls does NOT imply general safety, only that no formal FDA enforcement has been initiated against approved formulations.

Mechanism & targets

ChEMBL · UniProt · Open Targets

Molecule (ChEMBL)

View on ChEMBL
Formula
C128H216N32O51S

Protein targets (UniProt)

  • Prothymosin alpha
    P06454gene: PTMAHomo sapiens· 111 aaReviewed

    Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections

  • Prothymosin alpha
    P01252gene: PTMABos taurus· 110 aaReviewed

    Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections

  • Prothymosin alpha
    P06302gene: PtmaRattus norvegicus· 112 aaReviewed

    Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections

Live research

PubMed · ClinicalTrials.gov · Europe PMC · OpenAlex
PubMed papers
865
total
Human studies
0
MeSH: humans
Clinical trials
0
published
Active trials
12
66 total registered

Clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov)

All trials for "thymosin alpha-1"

Europe PMC — 4,738 additional records

Includes EU/UK studies and PubMed Central full-text articles. Often surfaces research weeks before PubMed indexes it.

Research volume (OpenAlex topic graph)

Total works
6,591
all years
Last 5 years
2,259
recent activity
Open access
5,846
freely readable
OA share
89%
of all works

Human clinical evidence

Semantic Scholar · AI TLDRs · influence-ranked
Semantic Scholar API is currently rate-limited.

Human-study summaries for “thymosin alpha-1” are available on Semantic Scholar but the shared free-tier API quota is exhausted right now. Try refreshing in a few minutes, or check the PubMed and Europe PMC panels above for the same literature.

Research funding & verification

NIH RePORTER · CrossRef DOI registry

NIH-funded research

U.S. National Institutes of Health
Funded projects
210
all years
Top award sum
$17.2M
aggregate USD
Years covered
19
research span
Largest active / recent grants

Publication landscape

CrossRef · DOI registry
Indexed works (CrossRef)
179,454
all DOIs registered
Retracted papers
0
no retractions on record
Top funders of indexed research
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China2,231 works
  • National Institutes of Health1,015 works
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft417 works
  • DOE340 works
  • National Research Foundation of Korea280 works
  • National Science Foundation279 works

Funder diversity is a credibility signal. Research concentrated in a single drug company's funding warrants more scrutiny than research funded across NIH, charities, and academic grants.

Preprints — cutting edge

bioRxiv · medRxiv · via Europe PMC

Preprints have NOT been peer-reviewed. They are early research shared by authors before formal validation. Treat findings as preliminary.

Showing 6 of 65 preprints indexed by Europe PMC.

Known risks

Should only be used under licensed clinical supervision.

Reported side effects

Generally well tolerated in approved indications.

FDA adverse event reports (FAERS)

Updated quarterly by FDA
Reports filed
36
FAERS, all years
Serious reports
36
100% of reports
Top reporting countries
  • CN12
  • IN5
  • US1

Most-reported reactions

  • Off Label Use
    8
  • Fatigue
    3
  • Abortion Spontaneous
    2
  • Anaemia
    2
  • Interstitial Lung Disease
    2
  • Nausea
    2
  • Pain
    2
  • Peripheral Ischaemia
    2
  • Pneumonia
    2
  • Pregnancy
    2

Counts from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Voluntary reports — they show what was reported, not whether the drug caused the event. Many reports lack confirmation. FAERS docs

What requires medical supervision

Should only be used under licensed clinical supervision. Drug interactions and immune-modulation effects warrant monitoring.

Questions for your clinician

  • Is this approved or off-label for my situation?
  • What baseline immune labs should we check?
  • How will we measure benefit objectively?

Editorially curated references

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